NHARNET ARTICLES

 

]KV: {H[ 3: 2001

 

eFo Schq |mk Bk XqV

]o g|} 骥q

s }oS\M Nq qS]M

KsXp }lEq lr

Kog

Bk XqV [EM Smk}: D iK K{lmkY |mk MMIa g} D ]DsD: s o| sD| | KSap KX M]X |mk egLg ]Xq [: o{d} \}} g} mkM{: mk oKY [Xo Kpq }KAX}: mk oKY oKX]| e{ | KĄ qFM} }o} }I} ]D sD|: {| }sD D Kg eFE: mk{q} mkqmkq} mkIDF{q} M| }]Y}: ]DsD|: mk U| sD eFE }MĆ}: }[ mk soD òLq }M}}: mk a} mk Ć} | sD XqVg iM} ópq} mkDD S {qq}: | Ą HFpq} Fc[lq} MqI} } mkkD L K }]Imk}: mk KE {F}: ]DsD|}: } Mu {pq} lppq} {I ]Dl|}:

Bk XqV IU | H sK} [}[Dpg Kq}: | [E\     Kpq HX{pg dF]}: soK | [Xo Kpq |{pg | K[U g}}: }KKX s M FEg Bk K}: mkK[Sq AVg egK}: | [Fpq Dog X se AVg MX}: egLg ]Xq M]Xq} ]F} Xmk} cVSmk ]DsD:

M mkD lEq AVg lr}: Fq HXkpq spq}: }oED | VM} D} Irpq} Xrpq}: F ImkU} qXM} Amk: mk } eD | q} so} KX Mq: Bk }M}X: |mk M͆} sIg} segLg} ]Mopq M\ M}: Kq} Mg S} ]DsD:

mk lEq AVg lr { mk Bk: mkl ]o X]qpq AVg 骥q | Xr FF }oAD: mkFmk: mkNV[g} mk[DLg K} V pI F} sD} mk mkF M{q| ok]|: }so} [DLg pI} V }φ mkM|: 

qM }mkF KU| D| |olBD mkoED Kpq: }oE mk| Spq cD sX lpq: [X D }k MLq} Xrpq} \]}: [ }sD sIg ]Mopq lp M}: Bk }M}X} NV]g M]X |mk Hc egLg ]Xq }M}d} : sD} `dhF} | |q Ag@ KK\K[ {pq ϷX} ]DsD:

mk XqV o[o sD D Kg eFE (clg:LIkVg: Dog: DL]g: I}{pg: MMIVg: egLg): mk| KE Bk XqV omk o\p{q} mkk HE{pg K} mk} }osoK: pI} V s{: |mk H {pq M sMXI}: mk kD} }M]X ]F} |mk Bk }e} MsF ]DS|:

}I| rM Ig} egLg} KS o{ʲ| D lEq AVg lr: | KK {mkpq Xr| sHsq eFo Schq |mk Bk }XI HE{q ]K|; Bk F} mk \{ ]o AVg 骥q oV BF} ]D}M}: {o mk so[{ V \o KS sSmk sD X]opq: |mk eD} s`V} KS M }SkD | { sD|; }I| K} | mks]: M AVg} g|g} [} 骥q: Bk kmkN K} lmk} KD} |g|: }HlVg KSp K X F smkF M{q D|;

mk MM MlX { BD aVq MFE: Bk mkD Dpo} mk[G o\p{q} s[E]DMkX: }I| k}| }N s}F} s}F} M}| M }M}: Mo D aVq }MFE sôK|: qS | D: | [} aVq pI {iXmk }F | F|} Ms}M} {F }o; mks }Bmk| k aX M sD}: [ { | K[U KS g}}: s}: mkFlmk ]pq}: s D} mkmkF M{q}: Bk L} eD AVg qq } q KS ooD} D;

Schq| s }ci MLq} KF[pq} }osiSkq: mkG: {o chX AmkpM} okEHo} Xrpq Ha Bk KK {kpq MoFF X| }];

Bk XqV }KKX s mk pU : | FEgq AT egLg ]Xq }MqF `l_mk ]DsD: oED Xrpo mk| pD}: }kG L{ mkmkG M }q KĄ 關 B}q AX MiD] mkX} F Smk D F| }M}; EL G| }[} } Moh {pq ϷX MIE}} ;

cL F: Bk XqV mk |{q }p ok?

1.       1.       D Kg K}lmkY KHa;

X` Kq} ISq} mk { mk oX Lq: ILM} }cX|} oED XB} |mk mkF| cKq} omk;

2.       2.       e\{q [~ Aq IF;

    H{o mk FD: AVg I{o oS: M] lmk}        

    DM} [EM} MX} G[: MqI }ϗ;

3.                   3.                   NV]} qI} {];

[mkg K[Eq} HX{pq} SD: MIV BFD: LIkVg qG sSD o I} qI} D ]Xq B{;  

F F: Bk XqV mk K kD {pq Xmk?

mkl BD {pq Smk D: q oKY HD 10 Kpq |{q} Lo KĄ mkCpq} LLq} ]D{: mk{ ID qkpq} BD }{q} mkH }: mk HD oKY mkXmk qMBXo: KĄ mkCpq} LLq} mkK mkq} L{q} K MF M}l} K MiE]} mkF }: mkk MMM Hqq ; iM|} }mkY }F} }mkY s}F} mk Mq o ]DsD : Hc L} M\ D; Hc L}} MM} F HkWp mk MXmk ]DMX]: Bk F HkWp [}i D;

Bk XX MM HD 10 Kpq mkX HkWp Smk} q} |} KS M oD} ]D sD: }I| mk } Bk | MM }mkX }F}; }MMM Moh {pq ϷX V }X }D; mk D ]q} KqE} 骥q } mkso} q} BmkqM F M{  |ochkF|: Xr| }F KSg HE{q X|; eL I mk]ip| oʹS Dq Kp} M L mkG Bk {chGD Kp} mkk g]D H\lq| }F }o;

mks HD 10 Kpq s |{q mksI oK ki {Vq: mkE mk M骩 qIo-eX:  }oAD: o |mk D ópq} ([mkg } ͧ|}[g) [ s}: ooD lmk} mk Mq mkMp: kD} gĄ mk{ K} oT olAD MM}: F H_ LV {T {kS} olAD mk{chpg { Ms}} D ; D} MqIpq mksD}'' oT mkomk S} mk qMBXo ] k} ; Bk XqV mk g} |{q qkq }s}kSD MMIa K{lmkY} e\{q} \mk } ϣ} kXo} olAD Ioq [ ;

o oK ]XHq mkL|q s| mkchF} mkp} ]DD: mko Lq} q soqG sD òLq} oX MX mk [ }; ]Ds: o XVg MM }Bk |: M]qmkAF mksF} }MqG ÖoD mk s] Kq V Xr| }Bmk }q} |;

clg {pq XqV }MIg} }MMIa} oo{' }o{: mk[} |q M] q: HH | oHI òLq}: DL IU 10  Kpq | |{q: K{lmkY Bk XqV |mk ILi {pq ch: I]{q Kk o\{: mksI mk Bmk| |mk oKgo Sq ochT} mk ILLq \ch} D;

LIkVg  aVq }MeEF HD ėXpq oT }o{:

n       n       Ko mk HX{pg dF[ | { ]V ]q: ]}E}: o[  oFo: mk ]q oKD]o: mkK{} mk pIp S Xk so[ oFq} lEq HFpq MFF} [kzF [VIopq K}]q} òLq oqG} V s{ LIkVg I]{q sS KĄ ]DsS e\{q D sD ;

n       n       FD 200aI K}[ mks N }{gI g} mk MFF AX oL mkMBE: mk cl AX} K{lmkY ]Vpo} U sD LB[o} se\{q} cDF M{}: eF pI }osoSk: aX ʹX M{ MLq ôM};

n       n       c}]q mk oAVg FDq mksI òM }} D;

n       n       K}[q oKAY F S qMBXo M] |mk {kzX[o | Mp} oS ]VI | MXmk} DM kmk { EF { D;   

mk  a AX} mk Ć} {mkX Bk XqV M mk HX{pg KS mk HD 10 Kpq |{q mkE mk |q M] q: H{o} oͧ{o} K]T D; H{o} oͧ{o} mk |FD} |k} } D _{g mksI{o (AL~q: c}c: lBF} FM}: mkAX: ]{MYg ]Mpo) kX: o\p{o} MaV} mk AVg \{pq} ]F|q} qEq} } ]Mpo} Dpo} ID [ ; }o{ } mks HD 10Kpq: D D | K}]o Mqqp mk MIV mko AL~q: | c}c òM} mk kYV]g ]VHq K}]o }[ ʷY ]Mpq}: | c}c ] mk D Klpg mko qMBXo ʷY eWppq: mk o`V{q/o\p{q oED Fpq ImkSo[mk mk AVg qEq ....so ILi ]Mpq ʹT ]D }G: mkk} mk} }osoFM: }H{q Bk Gi {pq c] mkch] ]k MD Kq F;

AVg I{q MX} MH]} mk }HIM ED} } mksHq SchGpq MX]; mkch} mk ag {pq} iM} MX]; LDq MFF} ùp} mk Bmk} o\qЄ} M]Sq ]DsD:

n       n       ag H{q} ]{q} kq} oͧ{q} Bk:

n       n       } NV]g} MIV} qHg ]Xq}:

n       n       FF Ng mkiq sD ˧} sK|} HFpq MFF} ùp}:

n       n       ]pq mk M}l} (forecast) chM mk MmkX}} [ oV đq | ]D} q}p{} qEq:

n       n       HkWp ochK mkogAA K }AVg I{q s] \{pq ] lr AVg I{q MBE Hqq;

ag {pq} iM} \{ } MkX: AVg I{q }MH]: iM} H{q | M ]pq} mk Mq mkMp} }AVg SmkHpq mk H mkso kmk}: | lmk} DM} {pq mkci MqpF} ]o MqXVq MlX} D; M] | M HFpq} AVq} mk HIg SmkHpq} MM HlVg ]pq} DK | Ą LE} oHI} M͆: | [EM} MqI}: q p} mk[ELg K MpI} DL[ MpF: }HlVg I{q (collective security) lF l}} BV}} lq M}} }BVg Ipq} Eq} MpM}: mk ag 骧 Fq sMME]} Hqq;

mks sHD | 10Kpq oKY: M] DM Slmkq| q} M] q |q} oʷT; mksI }|} M|}; Ha Bk|} HDpq MFF|} mkqmkq}  }{q} k K]go DM} KrM} AX G~M }o{: ]pq mk M}l}(forecast) chM oD mk MNM} (}M鳬M  { mk FD| M] o mk M`DM): FF Ng mkiq} iL} sD  sK|g HDpq  MFF} ùp}  mk MM]Vq} mkch} L} KVXH mk MAk}: soAA | AVg I{q Klq mk MMĆ} Mgo}: M]D XqV mk sKHa} AVg I{q| }MH]} | Ą MqI mk MXmk}: X M Ms{kS D; e{ oHI }osSnM: M] Slmkq| sD òLq |mk } MXG MsD} Kq F;

mks sHD 10Kpq: | K[U  K}]o} K}]pg KgiX} }MM]Vq}: |mk egLg ]Xq }M]X sD lp  }M骩} oo{ }o{: smk {};

mk lBX HX{pg KS } M] [kzE} K}]p} o[LL} LkD} qF s{kY M}]pg KgiX} [VXH}: Mo sD opo}; K}]pg qEq | Eg iL ISq} | qEg [VXH Kq} DM; | K}]o} }lX} KLKq}(parallel) KoAEDo} KgiVq osXJM mk MmkEi ]VHq} mk Mq|}} Msq ]FsomkS: qEq} qEg [VXHpq} MsID {;

H: L} V} Eq }HIM sfT} sKs{} {}; mk ]o} oo} AVg 骥q: qS Bk: Ho} Mo} Eq Mo sD o\q mk \{ {XM mkAF F}; K}]o D{q} oHpo{q} sﵩD {T;

M] ISq Eg iL K}]o: Bk kmk} lk} pg ]Xo I}  qG} ochK g{{ KHX: aVo} M]IHlo} qI mk } sﴩ: K}]o \mk soHo G MMIX o} aLM}o mk FD Bk }} mkMp{: ]Xo MMIX} qG} s]D} KSS skJ} {: ok^} o\q} Bk F MsSmk { D; 

}K[Spg [mkg K[Eq} HX{pq} spq sXq: }MB|} MFF} NV]g ]Xq s}e mksHq oXpq} Kpq} o[rM M; q [kzEg LIkVq M]Sp: I S]} Fq | K[U Ipq} mkK[Sq séch egM KH_: mkIpg spq} {chpg qq} \mks cSl g} {: oi}; spq K[F M}e]dh] mk} |mk} XqV} Ć} o{̵M D; D spq }{gI g} o[YM |mk X scSk: D mk c Mo |osXkD ADgrM soF D; 

mkAVg MX oKU sM]Sq egLg K}]o: HE{pg} KE_}(responsive) { Kp} D: Dpq K[U K}]o }M鳩 sF | Bk o\q sS k} g} MM sHD 10Kpq | omkS}; Bk F LVpq }AVg MX  | MXmk K[D }ID: I Dog [Fpq êch: [Fpq:  Bϑm} M [F [Fpq ogchV {}: eL AVg MX F s Sl MsE} omkS} D; mkEF{q B mk Do} cl} Aq oK: }M]X ]F} |mk Bk sKphu {pq oʹT} D; I MX éch}: s`Vgq La} MX fKq} E;

mkF sVXl:

}AVg MX} |} Xqg} }MlT} sD MeXVlq: q omkS} D; ks oHIs Hc} NV]g} M]X |mk egLg ]Xq mk H ch Xmk; ks s sD }q }oochD: XqV: ]F} |mk Bk sSmk NV]g egLg ]Xq s{]: | [|q ]F} MmkHq} MF} sX ]Xq V qk qF; 

\F\ F: }p kX F?

Xrpq| mkrM M ]o} VXo { D} 骥q IX}: mkH`g K chXmk}: sq} ;

1.                  1.                  骧 [EM} 鴆} AVg I{q}

| 30 Kpq HX{pg |q} LB[o} E: XqV: mk U oE} Y egLg ]Xq qoDD KS}: Kk[ mk]: M] Slmkp AVq mk M]IHmk} Mq|}} qo} mk |q qK}: F} V s{ g}}; mkFq Mqp} | }V }q} }oD: }{ ˆ oD oAKF: }MX} [ELg} I} pI M͆} M{q sIX Moh Ag@ MϸX} D ;

1.1               1.1               M] q

| mk aX mkI} [EL} K V pI F;

M] q okG sD | ]EM F: |q 鴩} aX mk mkIg K qI} F ; |mk }MmkI mks{q ookT }I ]MM omkSD K[U ]XX (Transtional arrangement): òLq N} KD mkMD }FoM |q mk} F }o{: | mk Ma} cK ]XG }oLT}: dmk [EM [Vgq ogT mkMBE}: {o ]qVog EL MV Ir mk mkIg K mk H ]Dsj}: | K[U ]XX òLq mks pI XkD} MLM (Tolerate) kSD} ]DF} ]DMS}: |mk |q sMXHD M}q D};

o F } ]MM I]} F X]} }IU F: }K F Dpg MlD }Mp} }MmkX}} cM{q }Bn ]DsD|: LIkS[mk DM M{iHD} }pg oV Mđq} MlX F| ;

BF} eXI}q} χ} }I| }^M mkF S Kk[} |q pI M} V s{: }Fo Bmkpq XmkI} }; mkk Fo Bmkpq mkMq o\i} | LIkS[mk DM Sq ol {} mk sDD g} LIkS[mk DM }ME |q mkiDD I }} ; \k{ A\ } ; 

{ } X} | |q Ag@} }M鳩:-

                  Fo K}]pq: oAVg HFpo mk HS s i}]} (]) | MFF Ąpo F}

                  Do Bmkpq mkSpo U }Mϊ]  I | MqML} Ag@ ʹX ]Mqpq ]D F F An

                  mk M]XI qlS sg ]XX }S òLq pHq Kp} XkD: | IkVq AVq Fꋍ}: Foo} K}]pq}: cF} XX} HkWppq }Bk iXl}: mko 骧: mkE mkchp }MFrM} FM} | lk lq Bk: }g] F Bl}: D; 

1.2              1.2              M] [}

aX [} mk[|g} V: aX XqV mkXqV} V pI ]DF} ]DD}: mk {mk] AX M]Sq mkl sD {q Dqg ]Xq {o F MFr ]Ds{} mkHlX mk[EM M}lX ]DF}:  eL I oo{ aXIpq} {g K} pI ]DsM} M ]DsF}:  mk {mk[ AX NV]g Dpq K }| Fo Bmkpq SmkH }MkX: H } {o F } mk{ ]DsF} ]Dsl}: mk ag 骥q HI Fd Mp BD mkD}; H AX {o F: Kk[ aXH} {đ} ]XGpq } mkD}; mk lk mk { } aX S: mkFmk} mk[ELg K} pI MkX |mk 鴆 MXI l}: g} ; k}T MqML} ʹX} MqI sLmkF} D[} ]Mqpq} MpF} M\} D;

                  Fo K}]pq HFpq MFD mk mk XIi:

                  Fo K}]pq | Bmk} }} | M}e]dh\q mk lq e:

                  Fo K}]pq D Kg MqI } }ϗ} [XI:

                  XqV mkDq DM HFpq [} dhED [ELg pI aX [} }K A|} }pg} oV qđq:

1.3              1.3              M] K}

s[HImk s{kS 骧 [pq} Lg D mk} mkIg K osK} Fo } ochkD omkY o[LL} ]D{: mk lIU | o \ H H òLq  M F }o{: mkchDD mkFmk pI ]DF: mk } }IUq }iLq mkMcLq | eM k[E HD}: MqI }ϖD} {pq }MϸX ÖX D;

1.4              1.4              H`g

mk U oE FEgq XqV mk[} pq} |q} mksI oA]} F ̄g} ; AVg I{p Kp} oS} oI]}: mk ˧} mkch} Eg} (Professional) sK|g HD MFF MM]Vq}: chX D HD Bk MiVmk}: q s} [DLg pI sM} DL[ MpF}: ]pq mk MF} ME} oV mk BF ]MMq M}lX} mkK l}} @V}} lq }[EM M͆}} Hqq; | MqI p oV }q mkDD MK D;

[Vgq MFF ˧} Eg} AV} } ]DsD: }igM Ms: mk Do DFo {: dL ImkSo[mk mk Mq so: mk D}p MX] ]DsD : mkN} mkmkq mk ]VI} solmk oHI BF D; Vg ]VHo D{q: oHpo{q} L{q} BF D;

]{q} E{q} Kmk AVg FDq X {: mk oHI} Vg ]VHo} }} L dhiL iL [mk} oF MlT D ;

]pq 200aI { mk oAVg MlVq Xk lEq AVg FDq} o^M {YM oo oFq}: mk a Kq} K}i} }[ mk KKX |s Kqs {kS Kmk \mk I ookS M}G M{} ekF} {}; }{ M F AX | MFF đq: B Mpq kSD F lmk g ]DF: oo sD iL AVg FDq aX ]Vpq} cl AX} }MIg cF ] D;

mk oAVg FDq ogS} sDg c}]q: mksI òLq }}} Bk sMKD} ]DsD: }s mk oAVg FDq MS} D }I}: }HgT mkK oH MsD: Bk oK Xr BkD};

M|| M] Slmkq| ]} o{d}: | ID Dpg oKY| ]MmkVq oKLs} ]D{: {s 骥qs mkqEg K poF}: mk soLM} S \mk kI }AVg lr oHpq} { F I D;

mk AVq cX{ Ud mk HD Xc sK}: mk ag 骥q HI Fd | Mp}: odhMo HFpq ϊ mk{ ]Xq }MiX | Mp}} [ {kS D[pq} olVq} {s lks [EM} MX} D mk cD Bq} |q} k] Xmk; s lks [EM: MX} mkF|} | }o{: mk ag 骧 F Fd Mp: odhMo HFpq ϊ mk{ K}]o qeX Mp}: mkc: }ki Xmkq|} mk[EM mkHlX }M}lX}: HlVg MqI }M} M]VI D ;

M] Slmko| AVq |mk Xe} mkHlX mk[EM mk K}lX} }X}: M|pq |mk }kX oKD[ }SmkH Bmkpq |mk MqI υD {pq MM} D ; {s KoLK{ k ]Mqpq M\ D;

2        2        cl} LIkV} 骥q

cl| }MIg: LIkVg aVq| }MeEF: q |q | { ]V ]q: ]}E}: oKkD: o[} o Fpq ImkSo[mk|} }M]}: AX | MFF iM| }MIF}: Bmk| [EM Sk |mk oA^} K \} Klq oX D;

| oA^} K \} Klq mkmkiq o[E[DM }B {pq| mkL{q Kp} N: mk [EM M]}} D iM| |mk cl MX}:

n       n       ag iM} l} } IF}:

n       n       [kzEg} LIkVq} AV} sK}]pg lq} jL} olmk}:

n       n       mk cl: Eg ok^} X}: | } | g{}} oll

n       n       Ir KWq k eFE ʷT ]DsD Bk Xrpq AkD mkEpq o{ B pI kSD:

n       n       | LIkVg I]{q} | Yp} I} Kmk} mkchF qkX:

n       n       | spq mk} |mk} XqV} Ć} | M}e]dh] K[F kX:

n       n       mk {kzX[o q }sD oLAY Ng ]F|pq AnM}: }M} mk {kzX[o }sD} | Ą | LBS qMBXo [I F oDM}:

n       n       | oLAY Kmk SMpg Lrq V} L} ]Ds{ MM:

n       n       mks X }{gI o]T} ochM ADgrM soF} spq mk X chXk | Fcch:  ]Mo o]DM }oD ko[nM IkT:

n       n       | qGq qgrM spq | KMkU lq} g V} aVq }MeEF: D F fK: mk | M qEq} K}]pq} | qGq g lo M]VI Kmk oH:

n       n       | a} L} ópq} Amkqpq} e{} Xq} L} dhiL Kp} H]: s^M qEq} e{q} \oq} epq} mkM\: mkAVg lr éi AVg lq} | FMq Klq} :

n       n       | M mkDD S }M\mk HlVg SmkH |q|} | K`Xo} ID} schM} LE ʅD: D ;

 

X mk KqEq }MX}: a} L} Eg F }Mqmkl}: mkEF{q B mk cl AX Msmke MlX;

}smk} }mkSq} B | D odhD[ Bk }mkSq ]D{}: mk KE q |q {: ]V]q: ]}E}: \q}: mk

MMlF} ]q} oKD]q}: F qHg ]D{} ]Dl}: |}\g Mmkmk oTD} mk B Ą | {} mkEg iL KHX} H L} (qV]q) fKD: mk ]VI mkV lmk gX D ; mk KS egLg ]Xq: B M Dog [F [Fpq g\ }oF: mk k{](clg }q) ]DsD: o L}(qV]q) | { chM | } };

3. MIV

mk oKY HD 10 Kpq: mk kYV[g ]VHq K}]q} | c}c M] mk D Klpg mko qMBXq} òM ϷX ]D}G}: | D} c}cpq XqV MdM mk _X ]D{}:-

 

n       n       g c}c c}cpq M\} [ }:

n       n       | Bk ]Mpq mk Mq mkMp: } c}cpq XqV qX} Smk} | D} mkF Xr D|:

n       n       Bk }: {s Irs KD} ]}} D }mkF:

n       n       mk Klpg mko qMIXo | c}c M] oX:

n       n       { } s c}c | MdM K[D } ID };

mksI | MMIX} qI} òLq }MpI}: Bk lD }lD KHX ]DsD}: mkK}]o kX IX oU: mk D Ipq MMIX \mk S } lmk}: Bk LHXo KX;

4.      4.      egLg K}]q} sF MeXVlq}

mk pU Bk XqV }KKU s FEgq AX |mk egLg ]Xq (MqIFE ]F} |mk Bk) q[X ]DsE}: | 10Kpq | K[U K}]o KS oHD ]D{}: }IU I òLq ʹX'} } ]DsmkD}: s M]X s Hc: NV[陋} }KE Bk XqV s\q} Kp} }: mkB smkDF} HlVg KSp} kq} BF} } D;

K}]o: Dog SM} }K}]q} B} }G} }G}: mks]: FE{q AX} H{q Bmk} L~M: }egM (mk dkpq }oFM mkIg K }MMI_ F MsD oSM) ochkDM egLg ]Xq mk MqF g] eTlq }{ DM XqV} spq D;

q} odhMq} B { spq: }I Dog [Fpq} }I MX} KD} XrprM BkD}: mkK[Sq IU I éi Ipq L: Dog [F | MM]Vq} mk AVg MX o\oM }AV} l} lrpq | KX} MS} K[DM IDDM D; eL AVg MX M Dog [Fpq }{ Moh {pq ϷSD} D;

AVg MX |} Xq} Kp} }: | KE Bk o\q sS} smk} }: } odhgM} mk[LLD | X I M: I Dog [Fpq cpq skJ }: I MX L mk AVg lr mk| HlVg KSp (consensus) éi l;

mko\: K[Spg [mkg K[Eq} HX{pq} kX: D kqX X]: I S] mkK}] egM KHa: |{q Xg F} KVk ksH}} ID: La} MX |} s `Vgq} | qcM: mkBk oKX Eq}: AV} [kzEg LIkVq} Lq Ćopq} }AVg MX mkHlX sk: M } kX D; {s D }MqlX sD s mkk [D oH} qkX l;

KMMp

XqV mk ]} o} KS q qXmk; s KSs [ cDkq mk N} | HD K[U g} ID oKY}: KE Bk cLo sL sD egLg KĆ} ; mk g} s BD oHI | 骥q : e{ M]X |mk VBg sk]X ]Xq: M}aXpq |mk Xq} qI} }e {pq: sMXI: \}} p}} K]XI } ;

mk MM HD oKY: | S FFq BD lBXg M{ K}: mk Dpq} A}cppq} KĄ'} FFq BD qkq kSD} MgX BD} Hqq ;

}ID oKY mkg K} mk MMM: mk }pg Kq V s{: mk   mk Dpg Kq mksI qMBXo ]Di[M: Bk mkq KD} Xrpo FD} } [ ;

oED | KĄ Dpq} A}cppq} MBE: }| Bk | LVpq F I} ]I} MkX: | } |mk MML} Bq} |chq LDq {}; mk Kp: Bk mk|} Xq} M} Do KX F An ]DsD: Dq} \{} Bk kX D LDq ;

Bk [EM Sk: oED Vpq} }oD: M qT H{o} FE{q AT} HF} qUT}: }kX Ao [X}: LIkS clg òLo }MpI I} Moh Ag@ ʹSD} egLg ]Xq} } qH} MIV} oF D;

[EM: M}o [EM [UI} M mkD} } HmkGmk} MkX: mkg qXmk}; H{q Bk: mk Dq: LX{q: o\p{q} MaV} FF MkX: mkXJ: mkMX: mkMmkl} mk]Fk}: K}; FE{q AX ID} L }}: mk iU AX} kq MIV} oͧ{q X qI} MkX: k]}: M{q} o]{q} mksM lmk} }}; Bk }{gI s Lq} aX} đX F; qI} ki MIV} o{̲ }: }{gI KM F}; M}o: qI} ki MIV} }osAF: mk Lq: ILM: {q: }cX|} 鴆} EF MsF ]DF;

 

   

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