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| { M]X; Kmk BH }Bk XqV }p {T?
s qXM s mk}D mk LU~.M mkDq 23 }nq 2005 mkoE X^M { M{kS X;XqV} }[mk} NV[陋} K[Eq-l mkU} L mk Hͧ dh mkMXmk kG Bmk| M}o }mkn} F} oD} E oXL oiXn E;
Blg [Vgq }XqV mkDq 24 }nq 1991 { M] : qkq D XqVg HV} NV[gq} XqV }MB| {T; Dq 24 }nq L U} mkX} {rM mk mkSpg dF[ ch}: Kpg ]eq Bmk| }MX} {T;
k\ B.. }XqV mk Ko q HV }MĆ VI s{] }Bk XqV mk LIkVg f| }M}} mkNV[g K L MlD }MqlX} {T; Ms oH\]l mk B.. M{kS sS g| H B.. \] ʑXc mk1984 }]ogXq CE} olBD: lF XEL l mkUp}: An dD-Ki }KFq; M}q KD B. mk o.H. \] F D:-
'' eL 1970 {kS dF[ }o.H.. mk a }MV olAD Hao A\lq DD {YM: {chppq'} {YM; KUG{q mkA'}: }Ha H\mk }cD [mk τ KT; o e}E } {o odhN KD[ HD'N: o H } MX oD F mk ʷX Fq Bk MXg {; ( 130)'' Firebarace, James (1984)
mk [mkpq B.. H`g Bk {Tg ; M}o }X V { KĄq XqV ]D{kV; {o a {kS Kmk H}o lF Ha lq B.. mk [L} KU mkMs qF:-
''o } KI} KĄq AX| `mk M| }S| {T; LDq `mk VI qH} NV[陋} AX oD: mk MK { {} DM XqX} mkLS g]D} AX ʹX:'' Afework, Azieb (2002)
mk cL l 1977 B.. AVg NV[g YVM ch} IU {{q'} mkG-[Fg ]Xq MoF} S; F qS] mk1990 \] }M Ha mk An dF mkH [F {} K}]o }MlD }eq M{ F; cD }KGq D] (| B..) s ]mk dF Bmk:-
'' B.. mk XqV mkG-[Fg ]Xq }oF Kmk q ;mkH [F VI MVI ]Xq AXg ùp} MX} M F} VI s{ clg MlD'} M} ;}[ VI s{: mkH [F MVI ]Xq }BE p AX'} k H ;ks M}pq's mk KĄq XqV mks {q ILLq }}ci l;'' Adulis (1990)
IU SS}M cFϊ egLg ]Xq MqF ]DsoD: B.. M K[U K}]o }Xlo Kq cD; s } \mk egM }} MX mk 1977 \mk } {T; Bk L {o K[X s mkM{q ochkD mke: B mksMX }14 Kpq mk ]F} D }Sn; Mo X mk1994 La} egM fK ]XG MX'N } mk}nq 23, 1997 éi; \mk DL mk mkU D}; mk1998 kD oH]k MX 鴆 M] q mkMM| oKHED; |q D | FX] ]MM mkHMD 2000 M]oSK: 1.La} egM 2.ko [k]F|q K}]o 3.Bk: 骧 egM} qlS Irpq FF KS; mkE La} egM mkeMo 2000 s ]mk mkk |mk S[}q \] H:-
'' XqV H e] { AVg [{ Dg; s | egM [{'s KMMp |o {gI} KUX} dF[ XqX} M{ ; EL dF]| }K[F X[-\{: NV[: LIkVg qG M'} }FF{q o-I {kS; mk[I oF{q Bk o{ mkFo Bk éch ;]Ds g| |s [{ Bk ]D{ L}M [mk Xmk F K[F mkD}:'' Bereket Habteslassie, January 20, 2001
mkIU AVg lr MX eL Kp 2001 Klė; {s }MqlX : LIK _U MqF S[}q} L}]oX lg MMIX} {kS: n-}kX Lo I MX { o[M; }o{ o 骧 mkrM oSXo Fk B ochlF{q ]DsSk M \k} 11 { D F ko [mk]F} B o[T'N dhFn Bk K ochS; AVg lr L LIK _U mk ]XG mkS[}q S D odhN X '} {o @Ig L[Xo lErM {{; B {s | D M}e]dh] mkHD M] Xf[: }{ odhN Bk M{ K[Spg [mkg K[D ; mksHq K}]p}} sK]p}} LIkVq {s 骧 dFH KV; }mk{q K}]o KU mkDq 25/04/05 mk An UXq: mk XqV mkmkG Dog [Vq M sD ImkX; (US State Department 2005).
20 Kq mkX mk1985 mk D}} mk|q {a}] ^]a} oD }S}] {T; mk H mkrM Dq o [V XqV mkF VIL} KHK lk mkl dF[ XqV G iSk:: mko a chD [ {k: Bk XqV mkHD ]i D os MsF {T;
(Forward, 1985)
}o{ B mk X } mk Blg |k }X f}o ]Xpq Mk ^mkzq KAX D};
XqV mk1991 { M] q: mkF VBL} KHK lk(1) } Fq o [V XqV o]χM {kS H] NV[gq XqV }X ; I lk mkBo }oBD | mkHc {pq XqV K[}n; rM BDgq o XqV mk~M odhNM mk18 K]SM 2003 KnM M; }mk{q H mkrM Hs{ mkMs F:-
''KmkIq| }K[F XqV} o {kX| ks I sD } ]Mqpq S[}q \] mkL }H}: mkE | mkIo s| : oKAY} spq} EDq L{]qVq} Fq odhMq} M\T mkL [}k|;'' Andy Gregg, The Independent (London), May 2004.
D sD: ch{ lBXq B/B mk 1970 KS {gI pU sD ; | NV[ Dog ogX{q lBX ]Ds{kY L: {s lBX's }MFg kmks gpq} dF]pq} {YM:- 1970-73, 1975-76, 1977-79; |M M}e]dh\q KÑ ]M L:- K}(2), mkħ(3) L|g M]e]dh](4) {kS; DM o D}: DEq: |}: L}}: IDq óL} mkD ]Lq oDM; M \k} |s | H^q ]pq ochqD; oE mkSLXM (oE })(5) MHkY HDg [V B.. mk 3000 sI oFo mk 1973-80 S_{ mkF; (Andu, Gebrekal)
}| mk1979 sNV]g lBXq B.. mk|[ odhF; s | [M} KU M}e]dh]'} oo}: k}T KVG |o Ha mk {mk[ coD olAD mksD K τ'N o mk L mk B }]Hk; mkrM a lF {kSq smk }B mkMs qF:-
'' `mk }lEp | Mi}F {gI pU sDg mk ; M|Fla'} |](6) mk L {V }oq} F Mo }K} sK KL {T;'' Afework, Azieb(2002)
kmks oK\\D pU {mk[-eqDq ]X e}E M {T; cD odhN gE }o{kS: B } f} chS}; }mk{q mkL𥛥 1993 Blg [Vgq oUX odhN }X KUI{q X mke mk Kp _D'N M \k} D 3000 KVIq} oq} opIs; D mkrM \mk I mko s]II kq L[Xo -E o~M Xk; cYM soF k MsD D}; }| mk1994 D ]}E} HXkpq K[DM Ho [ELg odN 'N }\rM'} mkHD mkSq Xf[; mks s's LT lEq B }nM {kYM |LBK{ ;
X HHD mk80pq mk a KUG{q B MII} FFq} X {T; }mk{q K]go o D} T} oAVg E oF mkVAM M]'s oHHs ; o\ mk{q Xq L 骧 BD Fq}\(T) {: IU 15 Kpq HE Dog D B M} |mk D |}] MgT ; Xq |kFG M] : D F lEq }prUg KVXH S[}q mk@ mkLDq eD mkk ID; | S[}q KF[ }: M] q o |q a} mkMlX mkq [[ mks X [YM'N S[}q M ]F} mk }mk D;
Ms mk { oFo B { Ha lq lEq {kX M }KUG{q B K Mq mkTD l; o sI} KkF 14 kF {{q} KFo ]q} }X D|: 30 Kq mkSpg dF[ [ o]pq NV[} HX{q} | ookS};
Bk XqV mks Iq KUG{q B/B qMBXo ] l; mko\ KVIo B { o.H.. | HD prM oL~M }Bk XqV} }oFq} ko M k} iSp Ho DM; mk KMMp mkD D: D XqVg {s }Bmk| s\ch sD prXg ]Xq B }} }DM cD F MsD} ;
sDDLg U }]q|
HkSp:-
(1) mkF VBL} KHK lk(1924-1996) 骧 XqV 1 8 Kpq opoD lF k{ K}]o p}}} H DM Dg ok^ [EM mk XqV {kS;
(2) M}e]dh] K}:- rM KVIo mkILi lmk ochoDM; D mkrM }Md]: 1. rA}] ]mkAo: 2. rX X^M: 3. pSc I: 4. K[ q/LF: 5. ʑXc oD: 6. Amko]E[ /KB}: 7. kVa KF: 8. Amk q/}: 9. @mko {(UE) 10. k\ /]E[; M}: oE /LVM(oE })
(3) KVG M}e]dh] mkħ rM kX@(mkħ) mkI mk ]kl {kzX[o oKSch ; rM M] mko''XqVg [Vg [F''kAF M]Vg mk }MϸX mk1975/76 o~M; mko s'o lsI LX\g Gq |mk qX rM oXK (}mk{q:dialectical mterialism, four essays of philosophy, about the proletarian party);HX } o D GrM ok M{ oT; rM XT KVIo L o]T: cDM oS_{;mkrM }Md]: 1.rM kX@ 2.K[I X^M 3.LF kSomk 4.oF mk 5.oE /X]r] 6.AD A}^M 7.\KF /}F 8.KMBX oD B/} 9.kSq AD 10. DM mkXA XmkM;
mk 1975/76 { }lD(X^M {) mk D HkWp [XI ]D{kX AD K}fX] mksI LX\g Gq |mk qX qXM M{kS S{(state and revolution, the communist manifesto, two steps backward and one step forward, other Mao works); D'o MmkI} MX|} |[VI|: {}mkmk } c|} {T;mk }mkmk oSk D MqpF kSD;
(4) L|g M}e]dh]: }X mkFa| mk 1977-78 mksHq oLpq XqV { D s o; mkrM }KUG{q mkmkFa| {chωM olADM ochqD:-1.rX mk mkSFF:mk ^kzq ImkSq oLBS 2.KHU XL}: ^kzq oLBS 3./LF KAX-MTi ] kl {kzX[o 4.ImkSq q/mkX 5.{ kr 6.]A {(XK}) 7. AD mkA-HE D MXKV B {kS 8.X [KS 9. L{F E}\ 10. ^DN} /LXM(mkrM c} KVIo B mk 1970-77); N] [F-| I MTi mk ] kl }]S MF D;
{s G's sD [mk(X^M) mk 1975-93 lF B ]D{kS {M ED qsXsYM sD [lq mkF FM {T ;
(5)oE /LXM(oE }) mk 1977 LT lF LE aLD B DkS: mk1980 }q Ak ; M] B D HE HDg [V { FD; }[ MmkD HDg [V B F M ]p(XK}-AqDX) [XI: }KUG{q dM skD ]X:s\ch: chqF F {T;
(6) XqV} }|{q mk [L} KU(|]);
References
Afwork, Azieb (2002) Shabias Lies and Betrayals
Andu,
Gebrekal ( ). EPLF an inside story (special issue) Februry, 1981 (full
text of the statement of Teclai Ghebre-Mariam (Teclai Aden) By Gebrekal
Andu ...
Awate
Team The Chronology of The Reform Movement
Dan
Connell (1979) Eritrea support and the left danger
Firebrace, James and Holland, Stuart (1984)
Habte
Selassie, Bereket (2001)
US
State Department:
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